Energía y ambiente

La mayoría de las disputas entre inversionistas y Estados (ISDS) tienen que ver con asuntos ambientales. Las corporaciones usan cada vez más el sistema de ISDS que se encuentra en tratados de inversiones y de comercio a fin de desafiar las políticas ambientales.Para finales de 2019, cerca de 41% de todos los casos llevados ante el CIADI se relacionaron con recursos naturales y energéticos.

Los casos más conocidos incluyen:

• Lone Pine Resources (EUA) vs. Canadá: Lone Pine desafió la moratoria de Quebec a la controvertida práctica de la fractura hidráulica, o fracking, para buscar gas natural. El gobierno provincial de Canadá declaró una moratoria en 2011 con el fin de conducir evaluaciones de impacto ambiental del método de extracción, que es acusado ampliamente del lixiviado de químicos y gases a las aguas terrestres y de la contaminación del aire. El caso sigue en disputa (se invoca el TLCAN).

• Bilcon (EUA) vs. Canadá: la corporación estadounidense desafió los requisitos ambientales canadienses que afectan sus planes de abrir una cantera de basalto y una terminal marina en Nueva Escocia. En 2015, un tribunal de arbitraje decidió que la voluntad del gobierno era un obstáculo a las expectativas del inversionista. Entonces Bilcon obtuvo 7 millones de dólares, más intereses (se invocó el TLCAN).

• Vattenfall (Suecia) vs. Alemania: en 2007, la corporación de energía obtuvo un permiso provisional para construir una planta activada con carbón como combustible cerca de la ciudad de Hamburgo. En un esfuerzo por proteger el río Elba de las aguas residuales desechadas por la planta, se añadieron restricciones ambientales para la aprobación final de su construcción. El inversionista comenzó una disputa arguyendo que haría inviable su proyecto. El caso fue finiquitado en 2011, y la ciudad de Hamburgo accedió a bajar sus requisitos ambientales (se invocó el ECT)

Foto: Kris Krug / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

(marzo 2020)

| 9-abr-2007
Global Gold mining company submitted its claim to the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), a body adjunct to the World Bank, against the Government of the Republic of Armenia (ROA). The Company is trying to protect its investment rights in arbitration court.
Moneyweb | 30-mar-2007
Finstone Ltd SA, a foreign mining company based in Luxembourg, is suing the South African government for an alleged expropriation of its mineral rights. Finstone is a holding company in control of three South African granite producing operations i.e. Marlin, Red Graniti and Kelgran. The real challenge posed by this legal action is that the abovementioned investors find the black economic empowerment programme is in violation of the bilateral treaties signed with South Africa by both Luxembourg and Italy.
| 22-mar-2007
A US company mining gold in Armenia has initiated an international arbitration of its bitter dispute with Environment Minister Vartan Ayvazian whom it accuses of corruption and other violations of the law.
Business Week | 17-mar-2007
Foreign energy investors said on Friday that they warned the Dominican Republic it had to mend its crippled power sector months before filing a US$680 million (euro510 million) lawsuit against the country for lost electricity revenue.
Mining MX | 16-feb-2007
A foreign mining company is suing the South African government over alleged expropriation of its mineral rights in a move that has huge implications for the country’s new mining dispensation.
| 15-sep-2006
Mining company Oxus Gold PLC said it is seeking an arbitration order to protect its investments in Kyrgyzstan, following the government-sponsored seizure of premises owned by Talas Gold Mining Co, Oxus’ joint venture company at Jerooy. Oxus said that representatives of Jerooyaltyn, a recently created joint venture between Kyrgyzaltyn and Global G.o.l.d, and local police forcibly took possession of the building on Thursday in direct contravention of the UK-Kyrgyz Bilateral Investment Treaty and Kyrgyz law.
| 11-sep-2006
Ecuadorian President Alfredo Palacio has rejected arbitration against his nation for annulling in May the contract with US Oxy oil company that operated there.
| 31-jul-2006
The outcome of Occidental Petroleum’s latest dispute with Ecuador will be an important test of the effectiveness of BITs in protecting overseas investor rights in volatile political climates.
FT | 12-jul-2006
The Kremlin will face yet another legal headache on Tuesday over its role in the break-up of Yukos after US attorneys began an arbitration proceeding in Spain on behalf of Spanish investors who were allegedly hurt by the Yukos affair.
IPS | 26-may-2006
Showing the door to Occidental Petroleum (Oxy) and scuttling US free trade negotiations have long been agenda priorities for Ecuadorian social movements and political sectors. But following government steps that have all but made these goals a reality, the atmosphere seems more anxious than celebratory.